Calculate the oxidation number of phosphorus in the following species:
$(a)$ $HPO_3^{2-}$
$(b)$ $PO_4^{3-}$
$(a)$ $HPO_3^{2-}$
$(b)$ $PO_4^{3-}$
(N/A) For $HPO_3^{2-}$:
Let the oxidation number of $P$ be $x$.
$1 + x + 3(-2) = -2$
$x + 1 - 6 = -2$
$x - 5 = -2$
$x = +3$
$(b)$ For $PO_4^{3-}$:
Let the oxidation number of $P$ be $x$.
$x + 4(-2) = -3$
$x - 8 = -3$
$x = +5$
Let the oxidation number of $P$ be $x$.
$1 + x + 3(-2) = -2$
$x + 1 - 6 = -2$
$x - 5 = -2$
$x = +3$
$(b)$ For $PO_4^{3-}$:
Let the oxidation number of $P$ be $x$.
$x + 4(-2) = -3$
$x - 8 = -3$
$x = +5$
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